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--- en:grammar:adverbs [2023-01-25 11:50] – [rubama] christian
+++ en:grammar:adverbs [2023-01-29 10:53] – Document "sam" christian
@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 Don't confuse this with ability (somebody is able to do something) or permission (somebody has the right to something). To express these in Lugamun, one typically uses the auxiliary verb **bisa** 'can, may, be able to'
-**Ya bisa main [tennis] hau hau.** – She can play tennis really well. / She is really good at tennis.\\
+**Ya bisa main [tennis] ku hau hau.** – She can play tennis really well. / She is really good at tennis.\\
 **Mi bisa go [party] ka?** – Can I go to the party? / May I go to the party?
+//Rationale:// In expressing situational possibility (ability and permission) with a verbal construction (the auxiliary **bisa**), Lugamun follows WALS (ch. 74). That it doesn't use verbal constructions or affixes, but rather some other kind of markers (namely, in our case, adverbs) to express epistemic possibility likewise follows WALS (ch. 75). That these two kinds of possibility are expressed in different ways without overlap is likewise most typical according to WALS (ch. 76).
+==== sam ====
+XXX This subsection already assumes placement before (rather than after) the modified word.
+**Sam** is an //intensifier//, stressing the fact that the indicated person (or thing) will handle the indicated activity in person or that (maybe surprisingly) they themselves are meant rather than anyone else.
+**Sam mi ga fa it.** – I'll do it myself.\\
+**Sam [president] li [visit] nas!** – The president herself/himself has paid us a visit!\\
+**Nas li miru sam maraji!** – We have seen the king himself!
+Don't confuse **sam** with the [[pronouns#the_reflexive_pronouns_sin_and_sini|reflexive pronoun]] **sin**. Both are typically translated as '-self' in English, but while **sam** adds emphasis, **sin** simply refers back to the subject, indicating that subject and object (for example) are the same.
+When **sam** is added before a possessive pronoun or combined with a possessive noun phrase (**sam de ...** or **... ki sam**), it stresses the importance of the possessive relationship, also indicating that it is exclusive rather than shared. In such cases, it is typically translated as 'own'.
+**Mi yau sam mis ruma!** – I want my own house! (I don't want to share a house.)\\
+**Ta xi [car] sam de mis [boss]. / Ta xi mis [boss] ki sam [car].** – That's my boss's own car.
 ===== Ku-adverbs =====