en:grammar:noun_phrases
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| en:grammar:noun_phrases [2022-05-15 10:25] – [Determiners] christian | en:grammar:noun_phrases [2022-11-06 22:31] – [Determiners] Mention "xi" in order christian | ||
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| * **ingi** – many, much, a lot, very | * **ingi** – many, much, a lot, very | ||
| * **malo** – few, little | * **malo** – few, little | ||
| - | * **xie** – some (a certain, not exactly specified part or proportion of) | + | * **xye** – some (a certain, not exactly specified part or proportion of) |
| The first four quantifiers are also called "short quantifiers" | The first four quantifiers are also called "short quantifiers" | ||
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| * for **no**: No man is an island | * for **no**: No man is an island | ||
| * for **ol**: All my friends hate her. All visitors must register in advance. We were all alone. | * for **ol**: All my friends hate her. All visitors must register in advance. We were all alone. | ||
| - | * for **xie**: Some pupils didn't show up. | + | * for **xye**: Some pupils didn't show up. |
| Numbers such as **un** ' | Numbers such as **un** ' | ||
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| * for **sama**: ? | * for **sama**: ? | ||
| - | Since **eni** and **aru** refer to subgroups rather than expressing quantities, they can be combined with the quantifiers **malo, | + | Since **eni** and **aru** refer to subgroups rather than expressing quantities, they can be combined with the quantifiers **malo, |
| XXX Translate samples: | XXX Translate samples: | ||
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| XXX Order – usually at most one element of each group is present: | XXX Order – usually at most one element of each group is present: | ||
| - | * specific/ | + | * specific/ |
| * general selectors: si, ta, ke, eni, aru, kada | * general selectors: si, ta, ke, eni, aru, kada | ||
| - | * broad/long quantifiers (malo, | + | * broad/long quantifiers (malo, |
| * identity selectors: otra, sama | * identity selectors: otra, sama | ||
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| Note that especially **ingi** is also used as an intensifier before other words (verbs, adjectives or adverbs), hence combinations such as **malo ingi** 'very few, very little' | Note that especially **ingi** is also used as an intensifier before other words (verbs, adjectives or adverbs), hence combinations such as **malo ingi** 'very few, very little' | ||
| - | Other quantifiers may likewise be used before verbs and other words, e.g. **xie** somewhat. | + | Other quantifiers may likewise be used before verbs and other words, e.g. **xye** 'somewhat'. |
| (XXX Probably don't allow/ | (XXX Probably don't allow/ | ||
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| * **no jen** – no one, nobody, anyone, anybody (in negated sentences) | * **no jen** – no one, nobody, anyone, anybody (in negated sentences) | ||
| * **malo jen** – (a) few people | * **malo jen** – (a) few people | ||
| - | * **xie jen** – some people, several people | + | * **xye jen** – some people, several people |
| * **ingi jen** – many people | * **ingi jen** – many people | ||
| * **ol jen** – everyone, everybody | * **ol jen** – everyone, everybody | ||
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| * **no xos** – nothing, anything (in negated sentences) | * **no xos** – nothing, anything (in negated sentences) | ||
| * **malo xos** – (a) few things | * **malo xos** – (a) few things | ||
| - | * **xie xos** – some things, several things | + | * **xye xos** – some things, several things |
| * **ingi xos** – many things | * **ingi xos** – many things | ||
| * **ol xos** – everything | * **ol xos** – everything | ||
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| Note that when the subject or object of a clause is negated, the verb is negated as well – **eni** is not used in negated sentences: | Note that when the subject or object of a clause is negated, the verb is negated as well – **eni** is not used in negated sentences: | ||
| - | **Mi li no miru no jen.** – I didn't see anyone. | + | **Mi no li miru no jen.** – I didn't see anyone. |
| Note that the absence of quantifiers does not mean that just one entity is meant. **kat** may mean 'a/the cat' or '(the) cats', depending on context. If you want to unambiguously express the idea of just one cat, say **un kat**; if you want to express that there are two or more, say **yo kat** (or use another suitable quantifier). | Note that the absence of quantifiers does not mean that just one entity is meant. **kat** may mean 'a/the cat' or '(the) cats', depending on context. If you want to unambiguously express the idea of just one cat, say **un kat**; if you want to express that there are two or more, say **yo kat** (or use another suitable quantifier). | ||
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| **jen safiri = jen ke safiri** – person who travels = traveler | **jen safiri = jen ke safiri** – person who travels = traveler | ||
| - | More on modifier words can be found in the section on [[word formation# | + | More on modifier words can be found in the section on [[word formation# |
| ===== Adjectives ===== | ===== Adjectives ===== | ||
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| **Mi yau yan hara.** – I want the green one.\\ | **Mi yau yan hara.** – I want the green one.\\ | ||
| - | **Yan gran xiende | + | **Yan gran xyende |
| **Tina [drive car] lal, [while] mi [drive] yan blu.** – Tina drives a red car, while I drive a blue one. | **Tina [drive car] lal, [while] mi [drive] yan blu.** – Tina drives a red car, while I drive a blue one. | ||
en/grammar/noun_phrases.txt · Last modified: 2022-11-14 19:59 by christian