en:grammar:questions
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en:grammar:questions [2021-12-16 14:08] – Document 'ka' and expand chapter christian | en:grammar:questions [2023-01-29 11:10] (current) – [Content questions] christian | ||
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====== Questions ====== | ====== Questions ====== | ||
===== Yes-no questions ===== | ===== Yes-no questions ===== | ||
- | Yes-no questions (also called "polars question") are formed by adding the particle **ka** at the end of the correspond statements. | + | Yes-no questions (also called "polar questions") are formed by adding the particle **ka** at the end of the correspond statements. |
**Ya ga lai.** – He/She will come.\\ | **Ya ga lai.** – He/She will come.\\ | ||
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**Ti no li fa it.** – You didn't do it.\\ | **Ti no li fa it.** – You didn't do it.\\ | ||
- | **Ti no li fa it ka.** – Didn't you do it? | + | **Ti no li fa it ka?** – Didn't you do it? |
- | The answer to such question typically consists in, or starts with, either **wi** ' | + | The answer to such question typically consists in, or starts with, either **xi**, which means ' |
- | ===== Content | + | As in English and many other languages, the pitch of one's voice often rises at the end of questions. However, this is not required, and a rising pitch alone is never sufficient to turn a statement into a question – instead, **ka** or one of the question words covered below is used for this purpose. |
- | Content questions (also called "open questions" | + | ===== Asking about alternatives ===== |
- | In Lugamun, such questions | + | **Ka** is also used when asking about alternatives, which are typically |
- | **ke** – what\\ | + | **Ti yau kofi au cai ka?** – Do you want coffee or tea? |
+ | |||
+ | In such cases, the answer frequently specifies one of the alternatives. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Kofi, ku jenti.** – Coffee, please. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Content questions ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Content questions (also called "open questions" | ||
+ | |||
+ | **ke** – what, who, whom\\ | ||
**ke jen** – who, whom\\ | **ke jen** – who, whom\\ | ||
- | **ke tem** – when\\ | ||
**ke ples** – where\\ | **ke ples** – where\\ | ||
- | **por ke** – why | + | **ke tem** – when\\ |
+ | **ke xos** – what\\ | ||
+ | **por ke** – why\\ | ||
+ | **kam** – how much, how many, how (degree)\\ | ||
+ | **kes** – whose\\ | ||
+ | **kese** – how | ||
(XXX Complete list.) | (XXX Complete list.) | ||
- | These question words are usually placed | + | These question words are usually placed |
**Ti li miru ke jen?** – Whom did you see?\\ | **Ti li miru ke jen?** – Whom did you see?\\ | ||
**Mi li miru Tina.** – I saw Tina. | **Mi li miru Tina.** – I saw Tina. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ke** by itself is mostly used to ask about things (' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ke (jen) ga [volunteer]? | ||
+ | |||
+ | In this example, **jen** can be omitted, since only people volunteer. But if you want to ask ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The expression **ke xos** ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Kam** is used to ask about quantities. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Kam kulin [remain]?** – How much food is left?\\ | ||
+ | **Kam jen li lai?** – How many people came?\\ | ||
+ | **Ti [practice] kam?** – How much do you practice?\\ | ||
+ | **Ti [practice] kam kai?** – How often do you practice? | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Kes** is used to ask about a possessive relationship (in a very wide sense). | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Si xi kes ruma?** – Whose house is this?\\ | ||
+ | **Tina xi kes nubet?** – Tina is whose daughter? / Whose daughter is Tina? | ||
XXX Examples for **kese** ' | XXX Examples for **kese** ' | ||
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... – I remember well how I first met her/him. (used as conjunction) | ... – I remember well how I first met her/him. (used as conjunction) | ||
- | If the answer will likely not contain | + | Note: **kes** is derived from **ke** using the **-s** suffix that's also used to form the [[pronouns# |
+ | |||
+ | XXX Explain how to express ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Embedded questions ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Questions can be embedded within other clauses. Content questions are embedded without any changes (except by adjusting pronouns as needed). | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Nas no xvo yexo a unotra nas xi ke jen.** – We haven' | ||
- | **Ti kese?** – How are you?\\ | + | In the case of questions ending in **ka**, that final particle is dropped and the embedded question is instead introduced with **se** 'if, whether' |
- | **Mi hau.** – I'm good. | + | |
- | XXX Explain how to express ' | + | **Mi konside se tum bisa fa it.** – I wonder whether you can do it.\\ |
+ | **Ya li ven mi se mi yau kofi au cai.** – He/She asked me whether I wanted coffee or tea. | ||
en/grammar/questions.1639660088.txt.gz · Last modified: 2021-12-16 14:08 by christian