en:grammar:adverbs
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en:grammar:adverbs [2023-01-08 11:02] – Switch to possessive pronouns; "amal" exists now christian | en:grammar:adverbs [2023-02-17 12:23] (current) – Sticking with placement after the modified word christian | ||
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**Ku-adverbs** are easily recognizable by having the particle **ku** in front of them. **Plain adverbs**, on the other hand, have no specific marker in front of them. | **Ku-adverbs** are easily recognizable by having the particle **ku** in front of them. **Plain adverbs**, on the other hand, have no specific marker in front of them. | ||
+ | XXX Adapt this, since there are also adverbs derived through reduplication, | ||
===== Plain adverbs ===== | ===== Plain adverbs ===== | ||
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* **baru** – just, recently (refers to the recent past) | * **baru** – just, recently (refers to the recent past) | ||
+ | * **hata** – even | ||
+ | * **kasi** – almost | ||
+ | * **kixa** – then, soon after, next | ||
* **kvai** – soon, be about to (refers to the near future) | * **kvai** – soon, be about to (refers to the near future) | ||
+ | * **mo** – already | ||
* **pia** – also, too | * **pia** – also, too | ||
* **rubama** – perhaps, maybe (expresses that something is possible, but not certain) | * **rubama** – perhaps, maybe (expresses that something is possible, but not certain) | ||
+ | * **sam** – -self, -selves, own (used for emphasis) | ||
+ | * **takriban** – approximately, | ||
+ | * **tena** – again, another time, once more | ||
+ | * **vapas** – back | ||
+ | * **yexo** – still, yet | ||
Plain adverbs are typically placed at the end of the phrase they modify. This sometimes allows expressing nuances that are difficult to clearly express in English. | Plain adverbs are typically placed at the end of the phrase they modify. This sometimes allows expressing nuances that are difficult to clearly express in English. | ||
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**Safirja kvai (li) finu cvan (yas) manto.**\\ | **Safirja kvai (li) finu cvan (yas) manto.**\\ | ||
**Safirja (li) finu cvan (yas) manto kvai.** | **Safirja (li) finu cvan (yas) manto kvai.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | The meaning of plain adverbs can be found in dictionaries, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== rubama ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Rubama** also has a derived alternative, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Rubama le lai den tali**. – Maybe they will come tomorrow. / They may come tomorrow.\\ | ||
+ | **Rubama it li era ku sola.** – Maybe it was just a mistake. / It might have just been a mistake. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Rubama** and **ku mumkin** express a possibility according to someone' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Don't confuse this with ability (somebody is able to do something) or permission (somebody has the right to something). To express these in Lugamun, one typically uses the auxiliary verb **bisa** 'can, may, be able to' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ya bisa main [tennis] ku hau hau.** – She can play tennis really well. / She is really good at tennis.\\ | ||
+ | **Mi bisa go [party] ka?** – Can I go to the party? / May I go to the party? | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== sam ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Sam** is an // | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Mi sam ga fa it.** – I'll do it myself.\\ | ||
+ | **[President] sam li [visit] nas!** – The president herself/ | ||
+ | **Nas li miru maraji sam!** – We have seen the king himself! | ||
+ | |||
+ | Don't confuse **sam** with the [[pronouns# | ||
+ | |||
+ | When **sam** is added after a possessive pronoun or combined with a possessive noun phrase (**sam de ...** or **... ki sam**), it stresses the importance of the possessive relationship, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Mi yau mis sam ruma!** – I want my own house! (I don't want to share a house.)\\ | ||
+ | **Ta xi [car] sam de mis [boss]. / Ta xi mis [boss] ki sam [car].** – That's my boss's own car. | ||
===== Ku-adverbs ===== | ===== Ku-adverbs ===== |
en/grammar/adverbs.txt · Last modified: 2023-02-17 12:23 by christian