(This may be called “adjuncts of time”; generally adjuncts give additional information on matters as such manner, time, place“)

Time expressions are noun phrases or adverbs that express when something takes place. Noun phrases used as time expressions don’t need a preposition in front of them. They are usually placed immediately before the verb or after the object (if there is one). But they can also be placed at the start of a clause (for emphasis).

Time expressions include:

den depan – tomorrow
si den – today
den laste – yesterday
si tem – now
ke tem – when
ol tem – always
no tem – never

XXX Give further examples and explain usage.

Baru ‘just, recently’ can be used to describe the recent past.

Ya baru [arrive]. – He/She has just arrived.

Kwai ‘soon, be about to’ can be used to refer to the near future.

Ya kwai lai. – He/She’s about to come. / He/She will come soon.

XXX Form combinations of quantifiers with other common nouns to express further correlatives:

• place (location, position) – used for ‘somewhere’, ‘everywhere’ etc.
• manner (way of performing or effecting; method or style) – used to express “somehow” (in one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated) and related concepts.

san ‘Mr., Mrs., Miss’ is commonly used as a polite form of address, either in front of a person’s name or stand-alone.

XXX Give examples.

XXX These include:

salam – hello
xukuru – thank (verb), thanks (noun), thank you (interjection)